Recently, David Laws, LibDem Schools Minister, gave a speech in which he called for more Grammar School places to be made available to children from poorer homes.
The fact that Mr. Laws made this demand is ironic on several levels. In common with politicians from all of the major political parties – including UKIP – he is the product of a private education. For at least the last fifty years, the conventional wisdom on all sides of the political spectrum has been that comprehensive schooling levels the educational playing field.
So confident have successive Education Secretaries of all stripes been of this fact that that no new Grammar Schools have been or will be allowed to be built; although some will be given permission to expand. Yet now, here he is demanding that the remaining 164 Grammars throw open their doors to the poor and disadvantaged; presumably because he believes the Grammars give their pupils an unfair advantage which the said poor and disadvantaged are missing out on.
The logical thing to do, surely, would be to build more new Grammars; or allow a percentage of the better comprehensives to revert to Grammar status. But, thanks to ideology or dogma – and the intransigence of the educational establishment -he will not even countenance such a move.
How have we arrived at this situation? By 1948, almost 40% of secondary schools in the UK were Grammar. At that time, British education was admired and emulated around the world, with many countries adopting O and A level curricula for their own education systems. Three post-war Prime Ministers – Wilson, Heath and Thatcher – were products of Grammars. Now, Grammars represent just 5% of secondaries, but send more pupils on to University pro rata than even the fee-paying sector.
What is it about Grammars that so terrifies our elite? Probably, the simple fact that they demonstrate that intelligence and intellectual achievement are not determined by class or status. Education empowers and breaks down barriers. At the height of the Grammar system, the UK enjoyed unprecedented levels of social mobility; a trend that has gone rapidly into reverse since their enforced decline.
Between the two world wars, over a third of the UK workforce was employed in service; a huge army of worker ants busting their collective gut to ensure that their betters – as they preferred to think of themselves – could enjoy privileges totally disproportionate to their value to society.
Several things changed the status quo. The first was the steady, if not unchallenged, rise of the Trades Union movement between the wars and after WW11. The second was the war itself. The imperatives of war forced the government of the day to turn to women to do jobs that had been the sole preserve of men. Female tractor drivers, pilots, ambulance crew, factory workers and miners filled the gaps left by men dispatched to the front line.
After the war, those men returned to a country and society they hardly recognised; bankrupt, battered and with few prospects for immediate economic recovery. Their jobs had either disappeared or, in some cases, been successfully taken by women. Their homes, if they were still standing, were in a state of disrepair and neglect. Yet, the elite expected normal service – or more accurately servitude – to be resumed immediately.
How devastated were they when the masses responded at the earliest possible opportunity by electing a Labour Government. As Hartley Shawcross is consistently misquoted as saying: “We are the masters now”. Of course, the fact that Shawcross was a Baron by inheritance meant that he had always been a master, but you get the point. It was the people who now held the reins of power.
That Labour Government can lay claim to two very significant achievements; 1. the provision of universal health care through the National Health Service and 2. the implementation of the Tories’ Education Act 1944, which ensured a secondary education free for all pupils. At the tip of this tripartite system was the selective Grammar School.
A whole generation of children – including those from the poorest homes – had their horizons expanded dramatically simply through exposure to a higher form of learning. By the Sixties, it was no longer unusual for the brightest and best to make it to Oxford or Cambridge.
Of course, beneath this pinnacle of achievement was the rest of the pyramid; those who, for one reason or another, had missed out on selection. It wasn’t long before the Levellers -epitomised by Anthony Crosland– were plotting to destroy the grammar system because of its “unfairness”. Ironically the man who said “”If it’s the last thing I do, I’m going to destroy every fucking grammar school in England. And Wales and Northern Ireland” was himself the product of a highly selective education;via Highgate School to Oxford University.
In that sense, he is not merely the original template for modern politicians and apparatchiks but could almost be regarded as their spiritual father.
Virtually every member of any significance on both sides of the Houses of Parliament is a product of selective education.
Much has been made of Cameron’s Eton background. But Clegg, Laws and leading Labour figures such as Harriet Harman, Tony Blair and Ed Balls were formed in precisely the same kind of mould as Crosland – fee-paying private schools followed by Oxbridge. They all support the concept of comprehensive education ( although almost all have managed to cherry-pick the best schools in the private and public sectors for their own children).
Under them, the standard of education in Great Britain has been so comprehensively devalued that mediocrity is now the benchmark. Statistically, we have more pupils passing more exams than at any point in our history. Almost 50% of the school-going population gets a shot at a university education. Yet, somewhat conversely, the international league tables for Maths, English, Physics, Geography show that we are slipping, relentlessly, down the educational ladder to share rungs with the likes of Botswana and Estonia.
Many of our leading universities are having to provide British pupils with the basic Maths and language skills they need before they can even start their course proper. So a three year degree turns into four years. For poorer pupils, or those that are not so motivated, that extra year of tuition fees might translate into loans and other financial sacrifices they are not able or willing to make.
Despite the evidence to the contrary, our political and educational elites continue to claim that everything is for the best in the best of all egalitarian worlds. They have collectively set their faces determinedly against Grammars and selection in the public sector. Why?
Well, we are back to the elite again, are we not. The Cleggs, Camerons, Osbornes, Balls, Harmans et al have all arrived where they are by virtue of a selective education. Irrespective of the school they attended, their education has been challenging, disciplined, competitive and achievement oriented. The very attributes they have done their best to excise from the public domain are those that have enabled them to achieve elite status.
But, there is no point becoming an elite and giving another fifty million people the chance to join you at the top of the greasy pole. Far better to dumb the system down, even while denying that you are doing so. Make mediocrity the new gold standard, reduce the number of Grammars to the absolute minimum and, every now and again, allow a few to escape the great mass of the ill-educated to challenge your position at the top.
Just for the top show, so to speak,